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Eddy current sensors for static and dynamic non-contact, high linearity, high resolution measurement of surface probe measured the distance from the metal conductor . It is a linear non-contact measurement tools . Eddy current sensor can accurately measure the subject's body ( to be metallic conductors ) static and dynamic changes in the relative displacement between the probe end . In the high-speed rotating machinery and reciprocating machinery condition analysis, vibration research, analysis measurement, high precision non-contact vibration , displacement signal to continuously and accurately capture the state of a variety of rotor vibration parameters . The radial axis of vibration , amplitude, and the axial position . Eddy current sensor with its long-term reliability, wide measuring range , high sensitivity, high resolution and is widely used in large-scale online monitoring and fault diagnosis of rotating machinery condition .
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Principle of eddy current displacement sensor
From the rotor dynamics, bearings learning theory analysis , a large rotating machinery in motion, depending on its core - the shaft , while the eddy current sensor , direct non-contact measurement shaft state, such as the rotor unbalance, misalignment , early bearing wear , shaft cracks and other mechanical friction problem determination , can provide critical information .
According to Faraday's principle of electromagnetic induction , bulk metallic conductor placed in a magnetic field , or make changes in the magnetic field lines of magnetic force cutting exercise, the body will produce guide was shaped vortex induced current , this current is called eddy current , eddy above phenomenon called effects. The sensor is made ​​according to the eddy current effect called eddy current sensor .
Eddy current displacement sensor system in the front is the high-frequency oscillation current flows through the coil probe extension cable , the alternating magnetic field in the probe head coil. When the metal body close to the measured magnetic field , the metal surface in an induced current , eddy current field at the same time also the direction of the head coil to generate an alternating magnetic field in the opposite direction due to its reaction , the head coil high frequency current amplitude and phase to be changed ( the effective impedance of the coil ) , the permeability change and the metal body , conductivity , coil geometry , the geometry , and a head coil to the current frequency from the surface of the conductor metal such parameters related. Metallic conductor material generally assumed linear and homogeneous and isotropic properties , the physical properties of the metal conductor coil and the system can be a metal conductor conductivity б, permeability ξ, size factor τ, the head body and the metal surface of the conductor coil the distance D, the current intensity I and frequency ω parameters to describe . Characteristic impedance of the coil can be used Z = F (τ, ξ, б, D, I, ω) represents a function . Usually we can do to control τ, ξ, б, I, ω these parameters constant within a certain range , the characteristic impedance Z of the coil become single-valued function of the distance D , though it is a nonlinear function of the its function is characterized by "S" curve, but you can select it approximated as a linear section. This, through the pre- processing of the electronic circuit device , the impedance Z of the coil will change , that change in the head body and the metal conductor coil from the changes in D is converted into a voltage or current , the magnitude of the output signal to be measured with the probe body the spacing between the surfaces changes , eddy current displacement sensor is to realize the measurement of metal objects displacement, vibration and other parameters according to this principle .
The size of the output signal with the probe to the surface of the spacing between the measured change, eddy current sensor is to realize the measurement of metal objects displacement, vibration and other parameters according to this principle . The electrical eddy currents in the conductor through the case, the sensor can be divided into high frequency and low frequency transmissive reflective categories, but the basic principle is still similar.
The working process is : When the measured distance between the metal and the change in the probe , Q values ​​of the probe coil also changed, change the Q value of the voltage amplitude of the oscillation caused by the change , and this change with distance through the oscillating voltage detector , filtering, linear compensation, amplification, normalization processing into a voltage ( current ) changes , the final completion of the mechanical displacement ( gap ) into a voltage ( current ) . From the above, the eddy current sensor system measured body of work can be seen as half of the sensor system, namely an eddy current displacement sensor performance and measured body concerned .