Linux kernel newbies em português

JavierEl-Hage is international Fifa 14 Ultimate Team Coins legal director at the HumanRights Foundation -- a New York-d organisation that campaignedagainst Sopa. He moderated the "Freedom of Expression, InternetFiltering, and Court Rungs" panel at the Rio de Janeiro HumanRights & Technology Conference earer this month. Follow himon Twitter.

On 21 June, the European Union's International Trade Committeerecommended that the European ent should not approve theAnti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (Acta). The Committee foundthat that the intended benefits of this treaty were "far outweighedby the potential threats to civil berties," effectively kilngany possibity of Acta becoming a reaty anywhere in the nearfuture.

Similar was the fate of the StopOnne Piracy Act (Sopa) and the Protect IP Act (Pipa) in theUS. On January 18, Wikipedia even went black for an entire day to make sure the message washeard: protecting intellectual property and fighting onne piracyare certainly legitimate ends, but legislation ke this must firstrespect due process and guarantee the free flow of information andideas. In short: in a democratic society, the laws must be stackedagainst censorship.

So the failure of Acta, Sopa and Pipa was not just theconsequence of enghtened poticians detecting the perils ofthese laws of successful campaigning by civil society organisationssuch as European Digital Rights,Access, or the WikimediaFoundation. First and foremost, this was the result of the set ofdemocratic institutions that allow critical civil societyorganisations to exist. But the reaty is that most nationson Earth still ve under governments that do not allow forcriticism by civil society. These rulers do not allow for citizensto associate, to discuss the pros and cons of a particular bill ortreaty without fear of persecution, let alone campaign andeffectively veto the laws proposed by their governments.

Looking at Freedom House's Freedom in the World Index data ( .pdf), which surveys the state of potical rights and civilberties around the world, only 45 percent (87 countries) of theworld's countries are fully democratic or "free". In other words,55 percent of the countries sitting at the UN General Assembly arenon-democracies, and 24 percent are fully-fledged dictatorshipsthat do not allow for any degree of potical participation.

In terms of human beings, this is 3.9 bilon people -- 57percent of the world's population-ving under non-democracies and1.6 bilon people ving under full-fledgeddictatorships. The st of free, non-free and partially-freenations around the world closely correlates to the rankings bydifferent monitoring organisations regarding internet freedom.