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The main types of decanter centrifuge are the vertical orientation, horizontal orientation and Conveyor/Scroll.
In vertical centrifuge,also called vertical cuttings dryer in DWM control field, the rotating assembly is mounted vertically with its weight supported by a single bearing at the bottom or suspended from the top. The gearbox and bowl are suspended from the drive head, which is connected to the frame. The vertical decanter allows for high temperature and/or high-pressure operation due to the orientation and the rotational seals provided at one end. However, this makes the device more expensive than the horizontal decanter centrifuge, which is non-pressurised and open. The advantage of the vertical machine over the horizontal machine is that the noise emitted during production is much lower due to less vibration.
In horizontal decanter centrifuge, the rotating assembly is mounted horizontally with bearings on each end to a rigid frame, which provides a good sealing surface for high-pressure applications. The feed enters through one end of the bearings, while the gearbox is attached to the other end and is operated below critical speed. Capacities range up to 40,000 pounds (18,000 kg) of solids per hour with liquid feed rates of up to 300 US gallons (1.1 m3) per minute. The horizontal machine is arranged in a way that slurry can be introduced at the centre of a rotating horizontal cylindrical bowl. The scroll discharge screw forces the solids to one end of the bowl as it is collected on the walls. This orientation is the most common design implemented in industry.
In conveyor decanter centrifuges the conveyer or scroll fits inside a rotating bowl and carries the solids settled against the wall, pushing them across a beach towards the underflow where the solids discharge. The conveyor allows for an increase in separation efficiency and feed capacity.